This paper presents the results of a comprehensive field study of the spatial distribution, ecological and community characteristics, and vertical altitudinal range of a rare relict species of Kazakhstan’s flora—the shrub Zabelia corymbosa (Regel et Schmalh.) Makino. The research focused primarily on an in-depth study of the current local populations of this endangered endemic and relict species within the western part of the Kyrgyz Alatau Range, which constitutes a major botanical region and a biodiversity hotspot in Central Asia. New locations of the species have been identified in the Arasay, Baktegen, Oirandy, and Zhalanashsay gorges. The boundaries of the species’ distribution in the Kazakhstani part of its range, the characteristics of its ecological association, and its altitudinal range in the Oirandy, Karakystak, Merke, and Zhalanashsay. The analysis confirms the species’ association with rocky substrates and allows for the development of recommendations for the conservation of this endangered endemic species of Southern Kazakhstan. The findings of this study make a significant contribution to our understanding of the biogeography of the Tien Shan and the dynamics of relict species, highlighting the strict ecological selectivity of Zabelia corymbosa toward high-altitude conditions. A detailed description of associated species and the structure of plant communities is critical for updating flora inventories. The practical significance of this work lies in providing a scientific basis for measures to conserve vulnerable ecosystems and expand protected areas.